Spine
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
卡片预览 (24 张)
Spine function
• support head and trunk • ligament, muscle and bone attachment • protect spinal cord and internal organs • allow trunk mobility • shock absorption • link between UE and LE
What makes up the upper cervical spine
Occipital-atlanto (O-C1) and Atlanta-axial (C1-C2)
What makes lower cervical spine
C2-C7 (inferior articular facets of the C2)
Occipital-Atlantal joint
AO joint -occipital condyles (convex) with concave lateral masses of atlas -synovial joint (no disc)
Occipital-Atlantal Joint ROM (osteokinematics)
flexion: 5º extension: 10º Lateral bending: 5º rotation 0º
Occipital-Atlantal Joint arthrokinematcis
Convex on concave -roll and glide: opposite direction -flexion: anterior roll and posterior glide -extension: posterior roll and anterior glide -lateral Bending: ipsilateral roll and Contralateral glide
Atlanta-axial joint - articular processes - ligament
-articular processes are in the transverse plane -alar ligament prevent excessive rotation
Atlanta-axial joint ROM
• Flexion: 5º • Extension: 10º • lateral bending 0º • rotation 40-45º
Lower Cervical vertebrae description
• smaller/narrow vertebral bodies (does not hold a lot of weight) • narrow disc -C2-C7
Lower cervical vertebrae facet orientation
45º to the transverse plane with the posterior portion being more inferior
Lower cervical Osteokinematics + ROM
Flexion: 35º (7 per segment) Extension: 70º (12-14 per segment) Lateral bending 35º (7º per segment) Rotation: 45º (9 per segment)
Arthrokinematics in cervical flexion and extension
Flexion: - anterior tilt - facet glides superiorly - anterior shear Extension: - posterior tilt - facet glides inferiorly - posterior shear
Arthrokinematics in cervical lateral flexion
-IL tilt -IL downward glide -CL upward glide -some rotation
Arthrokinematics in cervical rotation
-cannot purely get translation -when you rotate you get some side bending - posterior slide on IL side - anterior slide on CL side - rotation indirection of the rotation
Cervical spine coupled motion
-lateral bending and rotation to the same side
Thoracic spine function
• rib articulations and rib cage to protect organs and assist with respiration
Body of the thoracic vertebrae+ SP, Facets
-bigger body -SP is angled down (SP of T7 is in line with body of T8 and so on) - demi facets (1/2 is on vertebrae above and one on the vertebrae below) that articulate with head of the ribs
Segmental differences of rib motions
-upper thoracic ribs: elevates anterior and moves like a pump handle -lower thoracic ribs: lower raise laterally
Thoracic spine articular processes orientation
-60º to transverse plane -20º to frontal plane
Thoracic Spine ROM
Flexion: 30-40º (3º per segment ribs limit motion) extension: 20-25º (2 per segment) lateral bending: 25º (2 per segment) rotation: 30º (3º per segment)
Thoracic spine coupled motions of the upper/lower thoracic
-upper thoracic: behave more like cervical -lower thoracic behave more like lumbar
Typical lumber vertebrae
larger and wider vertebral bodies/disc
lumber spine facet orientation
90º to transverse plane 45º to frontal plane -encourage flexion/extension -discourage rotation
Lumbar spine ROM
flexion: 50º (10/segment) extension: 15º (3/segment) lateral bending: 20º (4/segment) rotation: 5º (1/segment)