sources of drugs
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name some sources of drugs
Plant sources Animal sources Mineral/ Earth sources Microbiological sources Semi synthetic sources/ Synthetic sources Recombinant DNA technology
are lead compounds always perfect for the desired biological activity?
no. sometimes they might be suboptimal, and thereby require modifications to the structure to provide the desired therapeutic effect
how are lead compounds found
by characterizing natural products employing combinatorial chemistry, or by molecular modeling
can lethal poisons be used as lead compounds?
yes, at low doses
involves therapeutic and adverse effect therapeutic index
a ratio that expresses the relationship between the dose needed to elicit therapeutic effect and the dose expected to elicit some adverse effect
formula for therapeutic index
Lethal dose/Effective dose
consider the formula for therapeutic index what are smaller therapeutic indexes prefered in drug development
because the allow for maximal benefit with minimal risks of side effects
Most biologically active natural products are considered as? why?
secondary metabolites because they often exhibit unique chemical structures and diverse biological activities. These compounds, produced by organisms as part of their metabolic pathways, have evolved to interact with biological systems, making them promising candidates for drug development
involves patents give an advantage and disadvantage of the complexity of seconary metabolites
it allows for novelty patents can be filed Pharmacological Diversity synthetic challenges could be expensive could be inefficient
what is meant when we say a drug is covered under “patent protection”
means that only the pharmaceutical company that holds the patent is allowed to manufacture, market the drug and eventually make profit from it
why is obtaining patent protection important
to safeguard the innovative approaches used by pharma companies to help recoup investments that are incurred during the research and development stage. can secure against infringement cases
is morphine a source of drugs
yes
is cocaine a source of drugs
yes
is quinine a source of drugs
yes
this drug is isolated from a chinese plant which drug is used for the treatment of malaria against multi drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum.
artemisin