LESSON 10, 11, 12: PHYLA PLATYHELMINTHES, NEMATODA, ANNELIDA

alternatively referred to as flatworms; soft-bodied invertebrates best distinguished by their flat bodies;

an animal that does not possess a body cavity

both male and female organs are present in the same body

non-parasitic, an organism that is not dependent on other species for nutrition and survival

named for the turbulence that their beating cilia create in water; free-living bottom dwellers in freshwater and marine environments; crawl on sand, stones, or vegetation; the few terrestrial turbellarians are known to reside in the humid tropics and subtropics; aquatic flatworms and planarian

a kind of sensory cell located on their heads help them detect food from a considerable distance

the flatworms wrestle each other in a race to be the first to stab the other flatworm with its penis; the flatworm who stabs the other first becomes the father, while the flatworm who bears the wounds becomes the mother; fathers are rewarded with direct access to the eggs while the mother must bear deep wounds and loses any control over the sperms access to the eggs

named because they have only one generation in their life cycle; that is, one adult develops from one egg; mostly ectoparasites of freshwater and marine fishes; attach to the gill filaments and feed on epithelial cells, mucus or blood

parasites that live on the external surface of hosts

commonly known as the class of flukes; includes approximately 8,000 of parasitic flatworms; almost all adult flukes are parasites of vertebrates, whereas immature stages may be found in vertebrates or invertebrates, or encysted on plants

scientifically known as Fasciola hepatica; common in sheep-raising areas and uses sheep or humans as definitive host; adults live in the bile duct of the liver, and eggs are passed via the common bile duct to the intestine, from which they are eliminated; humans become infected with this fluke by eating a freshwater plant called watercress

scientifically known as Schistosoma; responsible for an infection in humans termed schistosomiasis; these adult dioecious flukes like in the human bloodstream; people are infected during routine agricultural, domestic, occupational, and recreational activities, which expose them to infested water

scientifically known as Clonorchis sinensis; adult liver fluke lives in the bile ducts of liver, where it feeds on the epithelial tissue and blood, and then releases egg into the common bile duct; can be acquired by eating raw or poorly cooked fish

also recognized as the class of tapeworms and acknowledged as the most highly specialized class of flatworms; tapeworms enter the body when an individual eats or drinks something that's infected with a worm or its eggs

reside on the vertebrate digestive tract

also known as roundworms; multicellular and tubular worms with smooth, unsegmented body; are in the same phylogenetic grouping as the arthropods because of the presence of an external cuticle that protects the animal and keeps it from drying out

the whole digestive tract from the mouth to the anus

a small projection present on an organ of the body

olfactosensory organs in mouth

drugs that get rid of parasitic worms

Ascariasis; infection of the small intestine

Giant Roundworm

Enterobiasis; infection of the colon and the rectum caused by pinworms

Pinworms