⛏️ Q4 Vocab: Pt. 1

Process in which a desired metal is separated from the other elements in an ore mineral

A mining technique that uses a large pit or hole in the ground, visible from the surface of Earth

Layer of soil and rock overlying a mineral deposit. Surface mining removes this layer

Extraction of a metal ore or fuel resource such as coal from a deep underground deposit

A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure & a definite chemical composition

A rock that contains a large enough concentration of a mineral making it profitable to mine

Result of rainwater seeping through waste materials called tailings, which creates strong acids & dissolved toxic metals that move into nearby soil & water • the low pH (acidic) liquid that flows out of coal or metal mines

Open pits for clay, gravel, sand, stone (limestone, granite, marble, slate)

Estimated quantities of oil and gas which are not supported by data - determined quantity of a mineral source that is economically feasible to recover

The materials left over after minerals have been extracted from the ore Areas of mining tailings where refuse material is pumped into a pond to allow the separation of solids from water

A process whereby miners strip away at the surface of the earth to lay bare the mineral deposits

Mineral used to make aluminum

A process in which mined land must be recovered with soil and replanted with vegetation - returning land to its original condition

The supply of energy remaining in deposits that have been discovered

The residue or mass of metal left after smelting; worthless matter

The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat, and in spontaneous reactions, the free energy of the system also decreases. -Flows from hot to cold

A series of reactions in which the product or by-product of the reaction initiates further reaction

A brown, soil-like material characteristic of boggy, acid ground, consisting of partly decomposed vegetable matter. Used in gardening and for fuel

A system in which matter and energy exchanges do not occur across boundaries

A system in which exchanges of matter or energy occur across system boundaries

Separating liquids into individual components

A device that removes pollutants or changes them chemically before they leave factory smokestacks

A cell that generates electricity from a controlled reaction between hydrogen & oxygen