ATP
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Describe how an ATP molecule is formed from its component molecules
-Adenine, ribose and 3 phosphate molecules -condensation reaction -ATP synthase
ATP
store of energy that releases energy by hydrolysis
Structure of ATP
Adenosine triphosphate is made up of adenine and a ribose attached to 3 phosphates
How does ATp store energy
-ATP has 3 phosphate groups -bonds between these groups are unstable and so have a low activation energy -easily broken
What makes ATP a good store of energy
The phosphate bonds are unstable meaning they have a low activation energy so easily break. ATP is therefore an immediate energy source of a cell and as a result cells do not store a large quantity of ATP
Why is ATP a better energy source than molecules such as glucose
-each molecule releases less energy than each glucose molecule. The energy for reactions is therefore released in smaller more manageable quantities. -the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is a single reaction that releases immediate energy
What is ATP catalysed by in hydrolysis
ATP hydrolase
Name the two products of ATP hydrolysis.
ADP inorganic phosphate
Which equation represents the reaction catalysed by ATP synthase.
ADP + Pi ⟶ ATP + H2O
Give two ways in which ATP is a suitable energy source for cells to use.
-Releases relatively small amounts of energy -Releases energy instantaneously -phosphorylates other compounds
Describe how ATP is resynthesised in cells.
-From ADP and phosphate -Using ATP synthase -condensation reaction -During respiration/photosynthesis
What energy-requiring processes is ATP used in
-metabolic processes -movement -active transport -secretion -activation of molecules