Unit 3 Software Development
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What are the stages of Software Development? (5)
• Analysis • Design • Implementation • Evaluation • Maintenance
What happens in the Analysis stage?
The system analyst gathers information about what the old system is (if there is one) and what the new system needs to do
How might a System Analyst gather information? (4)
• Interviews • Questionnaires • Look at the current system • Look at existing documentation
What does the Analysis stage produce?
A document that defines what the system will do, but not how it will do it. Usually called “System Specification” or “User Requirements”
What things does a Software Design include? (6)
• A description of the data • Database design if needed • Input screens • Output screens • How the data will be stored • How the software will be tested
What happens in the Implementation stage? (3)
• Software is coded and tested • User and technical documentation is written • Software is installed for the user
What does Black Box Testing do?
It looks at the program specification and creates a set of test data that covers all the inputs, outputs and program functions
What does White Box Testing do?
Tests each path of the code at least once
What happens in Alpha Testing?
The software developer and user test the program to see any errors and to check that the code does what the user wants
What happens in Beta Testing?
The software is given to a number of potential users, who agree to use the software and report any faults
What happens in the Evaluation Stage?
The code is evaluated against the original specification document
What are the types of Maintenance? (3)
• Corrective • Adaptive • Perfective
What does Corrective Maintenance do?
Corrects any bugs that are found when the software is released
What does Adaptive Maintenance do?
Adapts software overtime to meet any user requirements that change
What does Perfective Maintenance do?
Alters code to make it faster, easier to use or more efficient
What happens in the Waterfall Model?
Each stage is completed before the next one begins. The user doesn’t see the end product until it is completed. Any changes usually means the project has to be restarted
What are the advantages of the Waterfall Model? (4)
• Simple to understand • Each stage is self-contained • Easy to manage • Works well for small projects
What are the disadvantages of the Waterfall Model? (3)
• Not much user involvement • No working software is produced until the end • Not easy to make changes
What happens in the Spiral Model?
Stages are looped repeatedly. Each loop generates a new prototype until software meets all requirements
What are the advantages of the Spiral Model? (5)
• Easy to manage • Problems can be identified early • User gives regular feedback • Changes can be made • User is more likely to be happy with product
What are the disadvantages of the Spiral Model? (3)
• More time consuming • More expensive • Not suitable for small projects
What happens in the Agile Model?
Software is developed in quick, small cycles. Each version adds more functionality and is tested before release. Good for small, quick projects. Less planning is needed to start
What are the advantages of the Agile Model? (4)
• Quick • Good communication • Working software is released frequently • Software can be easily adapted
What are the disadvantages of the Agile Model? (3)
• Project can fail if user is not clear about desired outcome • Not suitable for beginner programmers • Lack of emphasis on documentation