Chapter 2 - Cellular Reaction to Injury
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Causes of Cellular Changes (There is 6)
• Oxygen Deprivation, • Nutritional Deficiencies, • Chemical Agents, • Autoimmmune Diseases, • Genetic Defects, • Aging Process
Actual Cellular Changes (9)
• Cellular Swelling, • Degeneration, • Infiltration, • Necrosis • Atrophy, • Hypertrophy, • Hyperplasia, • Regeneration, • Somatic Death
Regressive Cellular Change
Cell and tissue changes that result in necrosis and tissue dissolution if the changes continue and are not arrested
Cellular Swelling
Increase in cell water content due to cell injury that allows intra-cellular sodium to rise
Pallor
Loss of Color
Turgor
Cells become distended and also become more rigid
Degeneration
The deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease resulting in appearance of substances within cells.
Fatty degeneration
Deposit of abnormal amounts of fat in cells
Amyloid Degeneration
Deposits of a (starch like protein) giving tissues WAXY, TRANSLUCENT hyaline, appearance
Colloid Degeneration
JELLY-LIKE appearance of tissues; The cause is because of a lung-dust disease by inhalation of coal
Infiltration
The process of SEEPAGE or DIFFUSION into tissue of substances that are not ordinarily present
Fatty Infiltration
Deposit of fat in tissues
Pigmentation
Coloration caused by deposit, or lack,of colored material in the tissues
Exogenous
Pigment transmitted from outside the body
Endogenous
Pigment present in the body
Carotenemia
Carotene in blood
Plumbism
Due to lead poisoning
Calcification
Calcium deposits in tissue usually surrounded by bacteria, necrotic cells, mucous, or other foreign materials
Renaliths
Kidney Stones
Vesical Calculi
Bladder stones
Fecaliths
Calcium deposits in intestines or appendix
Rhinoliths
Calcium deposits in nose
Choleliths
Calcium deposits in gallstones
Pneumoliths
Calcium deposits in the lungs