Flow batteries and lithium ion batteries

flow batteries

rechargebale battery where the battery stacks circulate two sets of chemical components dissolved in liquid electroltes contained within the system. The electrolytes are separetated by a membrane within the stack and ion exchange across this membrane creates the flow of eclectirc current

ionic solution is not sored in the cell aroudn the electrodesl it is stored outside the cell and can be fed into the cell to generate electricity

turning on a device; anode-cathode

cathode-anode

graphite or carbon; lithium ions interlace between layers

complex materials like LiCoO₂ (phones, laptops) LiFePO₄ (LFP) – safer, lower energy density LiNiMnCoO₂ (NMC) – EVs LiMn₂O₄

lithium salt in an organic solvent; must conduct ions but not electrons; water cannot be used

microporous polymer, prevents short-circuit, allows lithium ions to pass

oxidation

reduction

3.6-3.7 V

150-250 watt hours/kg

thermal runaway (Overheating-exothermic reactions - explosions) high temperature, overcharging, deep discharging (cause degredation)