Energy Drinks MODULE 2
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What does the process of digestion involves
The breakdown of incoming nutrients into components that can be transported by the cells of the body. It also supplies water and allows for the removal of undigested waste material
Two different forms of digestion
Mechanical digestion Chemical digestion
Mechanical digestion
Process that increase the surface area of the food so the chemical digestion of nutrients is more efficient
Chemical digestion
The breakdown of nutrientes using enzymes into smaller units that can readily be absorbed into the circulatory system for distribution
Homeostasis
The cells of the body need a stable internal environment to conduct their functions effectively. Homeostasis represents the maintenance of the internal environment
Organs of the digestive system
Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
Accessory organs of the digestive system
Salivary glands Liver Páncreas Gallbladder
What does the mouth do
Breaks up food by mechanical digestion and begins chemical digestion of carbohydrates and some lipids
What does the esophagus do
Transports food from the oral cavity, through the diaphragm, and into the stomach
What does the stomach do
Mechanical mixing of food; start of proteins digestion
What does the small intestine do
Major organ of digestion and absorption
What does the large intestine do
Elimination of undigested materials and reabsorption of water and some salts
What does the salivary glands do
Lubricate food and provide enzymes ti begins carbohydrate digestion
What does the liver to
Produces bile to assist in lipid digestion; processes and stores many different forms of nutrients
What does the pancreas do
Produces digestive enzymes for use in the small intestine; assists in the regulation of blood glucose levels
What does the gallbladder do
STORES bike until needed by the small intestine
Where does the majority of the digestive work occur
In the small intestine
The inner surface of the small intestine is covered with
Villi Within each villi there are capillaries and lacteals Capillaries - link si with the circulatory s for the transport hydrophilic nutrients Lacteals - part of the lymphatic system. Transport hydrophobic molecules
The accessory organs (except salivary glands) interact directly with the
Small intestine
What are enzymes
Metabolic catalysts. They make chemical reactions occur faster
Enzymes function by ñ…
Lowering the energy of activation of a reaction
Enzymes are proteins
True
Enzymes have active sites formed to fit a specific type of
Substrate
Enzymes perform both types of reactions
Degradation (break down substrates into smaller units) Synthesis