Lecture 9 - Nutrition (Cal And Energy)
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What is calorimetry used for?
To measure heat production from animals
What is direct calorimetry?
Measures the amount of heat produced
What is indirect calorimetry?
Utilizes measures of gases consumed (O2) and produced (CO2) to calculate heat production
What is Gross Energy?
• heat of combustion - energy release when a substance is ignited
What is Digestible energy?
A better estimate of nutritional value • considers the energy not available to the animal due to losses in the feces • digestible energy is determined a gross energy minus fecal energy
What is a consideration of the diet that must be made for dairy cows as far as energetic?
Digestion of the diet decreases with increased intake and thus DE estimated may not directly apply
What is Metabolizable energy (ME)
Assumes metabolic losses as estimated through urging and gaseous energy losses
What is net energy
Equated the ME minus the energy of the heat increment
What is heat increment?
Energy released as heat due to digestive and metabolic processes
Energy Consumed =
Energy Retained in Body + Heat + Fecal E + Urine E + Gas E
What is an essential nutrient?
Required in animal’ diet • body cannot synthesize adequate amount to support metabolic processes required for life
What is a nonessential nutrient?
Not required in the diet
Essentiality of a nutrient in the diet is dependent upon what?
The animal species and their digestive physiology, the age of the animal, and the productivity of the animal
What nutrients are required?
There are about 40 nutrients required in differing concentration in the diet of animals including humans
Why are carbohydrates different from other classes of nutrients?
The only class of nutrients in which there is not definitive establishment for essentiality • important toward energy balance, but energy is also supplied through lipids and protein catabolism