Enzymes
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What are enzymes?
Protein catalyst
What is a catalyst?
CHEMICAL that speeds up a reaction without being used up
What is a substrate?
Molecule that is changed when it fits into an enzyme
What is active site?
Area of the enzyme that fits around the substrate
What are cofactors?
Inorganic ions
What are coenzymes?
Organic molecules (synthesized from vitamins)
Naming an enzyme
Ends with ase usually
What does enzyme naming do?
Identifies a reacting substance
Digestive enzymes end in ____.
-in
What are R groups?
Amino acid in active site that helps substrate bond
What is the product?
Formed from substrate reaction
Temp increase, then reaction rate _____.
Increases
Optimum temp in humans?
37 degrees
What is substrate concentration purpose?
It increases rate of reaction
What is max activity with substrate concentration?
all enzyme combines with subtstrate
Reaction rate?
Levels off at point X because there is no limit to the amount of enzyme available
What is max activity?
At an Optimum variable (temp, pH, etc.)
What happens when h and sulfur bonds between amino acids?
Protein folds
Can shape of protein be altered by pH?
Yes
What happens when folds change?
Active site transformed (altering reaction)
Competitive inhibition
Mimics substrate by competing for active site (substrate can’t bind anymore)
Non competitive inhibitor
Binds to enzyme from away from the active site
Allosteric inhibitor
Doesn’t have structure like substrate and no reaction occurs but still changes shape of active site
Feedback inhibition
Final product of a row of enzyme + substrate reactions.