Exam 2
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Population
A group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area at a given time.
Metapopulation
A collection of local populations of a species connected by occasional dispersal.
Clumped Dispersion
Individuals cluster together, often due to resource availability or social behavior.
Uniform Dispersion
Individuals are evenly spaced, often due to territorial behavior.
Random Dispersion
Individuals are distributed without a specific pattern
What factors affect clumped dispersion?
Resources and social behavior.
What factors affect uniform dispersion?
Territoriality and competition.
What factors affect random dispersion?
No specific factors
Population Age/Stage Pyramid
Shows the distribution of individuals by age or developmental stage, revealing the population’s age or stage structure.
What are some Density-Dependent Factors ?
Competition, Predation, and Disease
Density-Dependent Factors
Factors that become more intense as the population density increases, regulating population size.
Density-Independent Factors
Weather, Natural Disasters, and Habitat destruction affects populations regardless of density.
What drives Population Fluctuations?
Biotic (predation, competition) and abiotic (Climate, resource availability) Factors
Life Table
A summary of the age-specific mortality and reproductive rates in a population.
Demographic Stochasticity
Random variation in birth and death rates.
Environmental Stochasticity
Random environmental fluctuations
What factors influence population dynamics?
Demographic and Environmental Stochasticity
Type I Survivorship Curve
Low mortality early in life (eg humans)
Type II Survivorship Curve
Constant Mortality Rate (eg birds)
Type III survivorship curve
High mortality early in life (eg. trees)
Fecundity Table
Shows the age-specific birthrates for a population.
What is R0
It is the Net Reproductive Rate of Females
What is Net Reproductive Rate (R0)?
The average number of offspring produced by an individual in its lifetime.
Stable Age Distribution
The age structure a population approaches when its age-specific birth and death rates remain constant.