Autonomic Nervous System
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What does the activation of B1 adrenoreceptors lead to?
An increase in cAMP
What are beta adrenal receptors more sensitive to?
Adrenaline
What are alpha 1 adrenal receptors coupled to?
Phospholipase C = increase in calcium
What are the B-adrenoreceptors coupled to?
Adenylate cyclise Increase in phospolipase C
what neurotransmitter is released in every ganglia? (pre-ganglionic)
acetylcholine
what is the length of the pre-ganglionic fibre in the PNS?
long pre-ganglionic fibre
what is the length of the pre-ganglionic fibre in the SNS?
short pre-ganglionic fibre
what are examples of single input tissues, in the SNS?
blood vessels sweat glands
what are example of single input tissues in the PNS?
bronchial smooth muscle ciliary muscle of the eye
How are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors activated?
by the binding of 2 molecules of acetylcholine which causes an ion pathway to open
what does the activation of M3 receptors cause?
causes the contraction of non-vascular smooth muscle.
what is the cause of M3 receptor activation?
M3 receptors are coupled to phospholipase C. There is increased activation of phospholipase C = increased calcium release
what receptor type are secretions controlled by?
Muscarinic receptors
what receptors do acetylcholine bind to?
nicotinic receptors
where are parasympathetic nerves found?
salivary glands GI tract Heart
where are sympathetic nerves found?
arteries sweat glands adrenal glands heart
what is the outflow of the sympathetic system?
thoraco-lumbar
what is the outflow of the parasympathetic system?
cranio-saccral
what is the cranial nerve X also referred to?
Vagus this goes to the heart, kidneys, GI tract and colon
what does the vagal nerve do to the cardiovascular system?
it slows the heart rate
what are some of the physiological responses that the PNS produces?
pupil constriction slows heart rate stimulates urination stimulates saliva and tear production
what are some of the physiological responses that the SNS produces?
vascular smooth muscle contraction increases cardiac rate and force airway relaxation and vascular dilatation
what post-ganglionic chemical is released from the PNS?
acetylcholine
what post-ganglionic chemical is released from the SNS?
noradrenaline