WK11 Property and cyber crime
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instrumental crime
carried out in the pursuit of tangible gains
property crime
crime that involves the stealing of or damage of the posession to others
expressive/rteactive crime
bursts of anger resulting in crime
prevalence rates
number of people victimized
incidence rates
number of times crime occurs
product life cycle
the supply and demand for items explains whether they will be stolen
hotspots
burglary is not randomly distributed, occurs in areas of high opportunity and low risk
stable hotspots
many crime opportunities over long periods of time
dynamic hotspots
are no longer productive and become to risky
what causes repeat victimisation?
flag explanation or boost explanation
flag explanation
constant chance of victimisation is independent on victimization history, something about person that inherently puts them at higher risk
boost explanation
initial victimisation boosts chance of future victimisation, target becomes more vulnerable as a result of initial victimisation.
offender focused
social learning theory, neutralisation theory, offender treatment
offence focused
routine activities approach, rational choice perspective, situational crime prevention
social learning theory
individuals learn the techniques and values to commit property crimes by observing and imitating others
social learning theory models
familial models, sub-cultural models and symbolic models
familial models
parents and siblings also engage in property crime
sub-cultural model
stealing also. common among peers- co-offending
symbolic models
tv, computer games
3 stages of learning
acquisition, instigation and maintenance
Acquistion
learning how to steal and that stealing is ok
instigation
inducements to steal on a given occasion
maintenance
property crime reinforced
neutralisation theory
most offenders know stealing is wrong, in order to steal they need to convince themselves that stealing is ok