C9 - Crude Oil And Fuels
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Most of the compounds in crude oil are….
hydrocarbons
D. Alkane?
saturated hydrocarbon
General formula for alkanes?
C(n)H(2n+2)
Saturated hydrocarbon?
all carbon-carbon bonds are single covalent
D. Fractions?
Hydrocarbons with similar boiling points, separated from crude oil
Why is crude oil not very useful on its own?
too many substances in it, all with different boiling points
What type of hydrocarbon molecules tend to be the most useful?
short-chain
Properties of short-chain hydrocarbons?
very flammable, burn well
As the size of the hydrocarbon molecule gets larger… boiling point, volatility, viscosity, flammability
• boiling point increases • volatility decreases • viscosity increases • flammability decreases
D. Volatility?
the tendency to turn into gas
Properties of each fraction depend on?
size of the molecule
Products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?
Carbon dioxide and water
How to test for water?
• anhydrous copper sulphate powder goes white to blue - blue cobalt chloride paper goes pink
Products of incomplete combustion?
carbon monoxide
Positive test for unsaturated hydrocarbons?
turns orange bromine water colourless
D. Cracking?
the breaking of large less useful hydrocarbon molecules into smaller more useful molecules
Process of cracking?
oil is vaporised and passed over a hot catalyst OR mixed with steam and heated to very high temp