Diffusion

Separate organelles Isolate enzymes Act as surfaces for reactions e.g rough ER protein synthesis Control entry and exit of substances into organelle ( Water potential ) Internal transport system

Small , non polar and lipid soluble molecules

Large Polar Water soluble molecules To pass through cell membrane

Energy comes from natural inbuilt motion of particles rather than external source of ATP e.g Diffusion

Requires metabolic therapy energy (ATP) e.g Active transport as it is going against the concentration gradient (low to high)

The net movement of molecules or ions from a region where they are highly distributed to one where their concentration is lower until at equilibrium

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Temperature (More energy for particles the faster they move ) Surface area (More surface area more area for particles to diffuse through) Usually shown as folded organelle Thickness of exchange surface ( Less distance for particles to travel ) Concentration gradient

When the molecule is too large to pass through the cell membrane it binds to a site of the carrier protein and makes the carrier protein change shape to allow the large molecule diffuse through

Molecules that have a charge and a water soluble can dissolve through the channel protein into the cell

Large , polar and water soluble molecules diffuse through the membrane by the specialised carrier protein or dissolving through channel proteins

Number of proteins Higher concentration gradient