2.1.5 Redox
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what are oxidation numbers used for
• used to measure the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element
what does a negative oxidation number mean
• electron density has been gained
what does a positive oxidation number mean
• electron density has been lost
what is the oxidation number for elements
0
what is the oxidation number for hydrogen
+1 > unless metal hydrides where its -1
what is the oxidation state for oxygen
• 2
what is the oxidation state for fluorine
• 1
what is the oxidation state for chlorine
• 1 > unless bonded to F or O where it has positive values
what is the oxidation state for transition metals
• charge is in roman numerals
what is the sum of oxidation states in a compound
• 0 > sum of oxidation states are balances
what is the sum of complex ion oxidation state
• the charge on ion
what are redox reactions
• when one substance is oxidised and another is reduced
what is reduction
• decrease in oxidation number > electrons are gained
what is oxidation
• an increase in oxidation number > electrons are lost
how does redox reactions work
• substance that is reduced takes electrons from the substance that is oxidised
what is disproportionation
• a redox reaction in which a species is simultaneously reduced and oxidised to form two different products
describe what happens in redox reactions of metals with acids
• metal is oxidised, forming positive metal acids • hydrogen in acid is reduced, forming element hydrogen as a gas