Respiratory System (AP)
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The main passageways directly attached to the lungs
Bronchi
Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli
Bronchioles
Muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
HEART
The area between the two lungs
mediastinum
A membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity
pleura
Small vessels that connect smaller arteries, called arterioles, to smaller veins, called venules, and carry out gas exchange
capillaries
The passive movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Diffusion
Movement across a cell membrane that does not require energy input
Passive transport
The amount of air breathed in a normal inhalation or exhalation
Tidal Volume
Which of the following structures changes the volume of the lungs?
Diaphragm The diaphragm is a muscle that increases and decreases the volume in the lungs. The trachea and alveoli function in transporting air and gas exchange. The heart is part of the circulatory system.
The walls the alveoli are ___ to ____the rate of diffusion.
thin; increase The thin walls decrease the distance between the air and bloodstream, increasing the rate of diffusion. Increasing the distance would decrease the rate of diffusion. Small and numerous alveoli increase the surface area, which increases the rate of diffusion.
The ____ lung has three lobes, the ____ lung has two
Right = three, Left = Two the right lung has three lobes, the superior, middle and inferior. The left lung has two lobes, the superior and inferior. The right lung has more space because the heart is located toward the left side of the body.
describe what will occur in the blood if the tidal volume in the lungs increases
Increasing the tidal volume will increase diffusion of carbon dioxide out of the bloodstream. Oxygen will increase in the bloodstream. Changing the tidal volume will not have a direct effect on heart rate or surfactant.