Exam 2: Pathological Gait

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

What are the 5 functional categories of pathological gait

Back (Answer)

• Deformities • Muscle weakness • Sensory Loss • Pain • Impaired Control

Front (Question)

When does a functional deformity exist?

Back (Answer)

When the tissues do not allow sufficient passive mobility for patients to attain the normal postures and ranges of motion used in walking

Front (Question)

What is the most common type of deformity

Back (Answer)

Contractures

Front (Question)

_____ represents structural changes in the fibrous connective tissue component of muscles, ligament, or joint capsule following prolonged inactivity or scarring from injury

Back (Answer)

Contracture

Front (Question)

(Elastic/Rigid) contracture yields to forceful manual stretch

Back (Answer)

Elastic

Front (Question)

(Elastic/Rigid) contracture resists all stretching efforts

Back (Answer)

Rigid

Front (Question)

What is the term for insufficient muscle strength to meet the demands of walking

Back (Answer)

Muscle weakness

Front (Question)

Disuse muscular atrophy and neurological impairments are both reasons why a patient could be experiencing _____ _____

Back (Answer)

muscle weakness

Front (Question)

True or False: Some patients will have the ability to substitute for weak muscle groups depending on cause of weakness

Back (Answer)

True

#10

Front (Question)

Impaired _______ obstructs walking because it deprives the patient of know the exact location of their hip, knee, ankle or foot and the type of contact with the floor

Back (Answer)

proprioception

#11

Front (Question)

Sensory Loss- If the patient has good motor control, they may substitute by ______ ___ or hitting ground harder to know heel contact.

Back (Answer)

Locking knee

#12

Front (Question)

Sensory Loss- People with poor motor control tend to walk (slow/fast) and (cautious/reckless)

Back (Answer)

slow and cautious

#13

Front (Question)

What is the primary cause of musculoskeletal pain

Back (Answer)

Excessive tissue tension

#14

Front (Question)

Physiological reactions to pain introduce what two obstacles to effective walking?

Back (Answer)

Deformity and muscular weakness

#15

Front (Question)

_____ results from natural resting positions of swollen joints

Back (Answer)

deformity

#16

Front (Question)

____ _____ occurs secondary to the pain of joint swelling causing reduced muscle activity

Back (Answer)

muscular weakness

#17

Front (Question)

What are the 5 functional deficits of central neurological lesion that results in spastic paralysis

Back (Answer)

• Muscle weakness • Selective motor control is impaired • Primitive locomotor patterns emerge • Muscles change their phasing • Spasticity

#18

Front (Question)

What are the most common causes of spastic gait

Back (Answer)

CP, strokes, brain injury, incomplete SCI and MS

#19

Front (Question)

Spasticity Gait- Lack of selective muscle control prevents the patient from controlling the ____ and _____ of muscle action

Back (Answer)

timing and intensity

#20

Front (Question)

True or False: In spastic gait, loss is more evident proximally

Back (Answer)

False, it is more evident distally

#21

Front (Question)

Spastic Gait- Primitive patterns such as mass (flexion/extension) during swing and mass (flexion/extension) during stance

Back (Answer)

flexion, extension

#22

Front (Question)

Spastic gait obstructs the yielding quality of (concentric/eccentric/isometric) muscle action

Back (Answer)

eccentric

#23

Front (Question)

What are the general categories of foot gait deviations

Back (Answer)

Floor contact, ankle deviations, ST joint deviations, Toe Deviations

#24

Front (Question)

What are the different floor contact deviations

Back (Answer)

forefoot contact, delayed heel contact, foot-flat contact, low heel, foot slap