Photosythesis
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What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO_2 + 6H2O (sunlight) C6H1206 + 6O_2
What are the products of photosynthesis?
glucose (used in respiration/stored as starch), oxygen (released as a waste product)
what are the wavelengths for light?
blue = 450-500 nm green = 525-575 nm red = 650-700 nm
what pigment absorbs light in plants?
chlorophyll
why do plants appear green?
chlorophyll, the pigment in plants, absorbs green light the least. the green light is reflected, making the plant appear green.
what are pigments?
pigments are the substances that absorb light
what is the action spectrum?
the action spectrum shows the range of wavelengths of light which can be used in light-dependent reactions (shows photosynthesis rate)
what is the absorption spectrum?
the absorption spectrum shows the range of wavelengths of light that are absorbed by chlorophyll
what is photolysis?
photolysis is the splitting of water that produces electrons
what are limiting factors to photosynthesis?
temperature, light intensity, and co2 concentration
how can you measure photosynthesis rate?
measuring co2 input, oxygen output, and change in biomass
where do light dependent reactions take place?
in the intermembrane space of the thylakoid
what do light dependent reactions involve?
photolysis and photophosphorylation. the reactants are h2o, nadp+, and adp. the products are o2, nadph, and atp
where do light independent reactions take place?
in the stroma
what do light independent reactions involve?
carbon fixation, the calvin cycle, and the synthesis of carbohydrates. reactants are co2, nadph, and atp. products are glucose phosphate, nadp+, and adp
what is carbon fixation?
when ruBP is carboxylated with co2 and catalyzed by rubisco
how are nadp and atp reduced?
by ld reactions. atp is used as energy and nadph provides the hydrogen to reduce G3P to triose phosphate
what is triose phosphate used for?
regenerate ruBP, create glucose,
what are the three stages of the calvin cycle
carbon fixation, reducation, and regeneration of ruBP
what is the relationship between chloroplast structure and function?`
the thylakoid membrane has a large surface area forlight absorption, folds allow photosystems and electron carriers to be close together.
what is chemiosmosis?
the generation of atp by the movement of hydrogen ions across a membane.
what is the proton gradient?
generated from excited protons from ps2.
what is photoactivation?
the absorptio of light, creating excited electrons