Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
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Alcohol General structure
R-O-H
Alcohols have hydroxyl (-OH) bonded to an ______ hybridized C in aliphatic group
sp3
Oxygen is sp3 hybridized (R-O-H)
2 bonds: to H and C in sigma bond 2 - electron pairs
Alcohols have hydroxyl (-OH) bonded to an sp2 hybridized C in aromatic groups
Phenols
Oxygen is sp3 hybridized in phenols since they posses ____
2 bonds to H and C in sigma bond 2 lone pairs
hydrogen bonds in alcohol have _____
single bonds
experimentally the oxygen in phenols behaves somewhat like a _______ hybridized oxygen
sp2
When is pi electron delocalization is only possible
if there is a p orbital
In phenols, oxygen has a ______
occupied p orbital with lone pair so sp2 orbital
A fuel additive, an individual solvent, and a beverage
Ethanol
A general disinfectant, commonly called carboxylic acid
Phenol
Phenols are general disinfectant, commonly called _____
carbolic acid
Properties of alcohol and phenyls
can be thought of as organic derivatives of water in which one hydrogen is replaced by organic components Have nearly the same geometry as water Have higher boiling points than alkanes Both weakly basic and weakly acidic
Weakly basic and weakly acidic like water indicating that it is
amphoteric
intermolecular attraction of polar molecules
hydrogen bonds
Properties of alcohols and phenols: as weak Lewis Bases
Reversibly protonated by string acids to yield oxonium ions ROH2
Lewis bases
electron pair donors
can measure acidity based on
number of hydronium (H3O+) ions
water is _____ in alcohols acting as weak acids
protonated
As weak Lewis bases
reversibly protonated by strong acids to yield oxonium ions, ROH2+ They protonate
As weak acids
protonate water in dilute aqueous solutions to yield H3O+ and alkoxide ion (RO) or a phenoxide ion (ArO)
Alcohol + water
An alkoxide ion
Phenol + Water
Phenoxide ion