Definitions I NEED to know

The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

The amount of substance containing as many particles as there are atoms in 12g of the carbon-12 isotope. This is 6.02 x 10^23 particles.

The mass of one mole of a substance in grams.

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

The actual yield divided by the theoretical yield x100%

Measure of how well atoms have been utilised. Sum of molar masses of desired products/ Sum of molar masses of all products x100%

Strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions

The strong electrostatic force of attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

A covalent bond where the bonded electron pair are not shared equally between bonded atoms. Due to differences in electronegativity between bonded atoms.

a strong dipole-dipole attraction between an electron-deficient hydrogen atom and a lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom on a different molecule

A measure of the ability of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond.

pV = nRT p = pressure *(Pa) V = volume (m³) n = moles of gas (mol) R = gas constant (8.314 JK-¹mol-¹) T = temperature (K)

An ion with no electrons and 1 proton

Strong - Releases all of its hydrogen ions into the solution and completely disassociates, this is irreversible Weak - Only releases a small number of its hydrogen ions into the solution and partially disassociates, this is reversible

A compound that neutralises an acid, by accepting a hydrogen ion to form a salt

A type of base that dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions

The product of a reaction in which the H+ ions from the acid are replaced by the metal or ammonium ions

A proton (H+ ion) donor