3.1 Acids
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Acid
A substance with a pH less than 7
What will acids dissociate into in water
H+ ions
What will alkalis dissociate into in water
OH- ions
Base
A substance that neutralises an acid
Alkali
A soluble base
What colour is pH 1 on the universal indicator
Red
What colour is pH 14 on the universal indicator
Purple
What colour is pH 7 on the universal indicator
Green
What colour is litmus in acid
Red
What colour is litmus in neutral
Purple
What colour is litmus in alkali
Blue
What colour is methyl orange in acid
Red
What colour is methyl orange in neutral
Orange
What colour is methyl orange in alkali
Yellow
What colour is phenolphthalein in acid
Colourless
What colour is phenolphthalein in neutral
Colourless
What colour is phenolphthalein in alkali
Pink
Neutralisation equation
Acid + base -> salt + water
What does pH measure?
The concentration of H+ or OH- ions
What will happen to an acid in water
It will dissociate and lose its H+ ion
Strong acid
A large proportion of acidic molecules dissociate to release H+ ions
Weak acid
A small proportion of acidic molecules dissociate to release H+ ions
How much will the concentration of acid increase by if the pH decreases by 1
A factor of 10
Which salt ending will products of hydrochloric acid have
Chloride