CVS and Lymph Study Guide
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What is the function of the CVS?
Transport nutrients, water, gases from external environment, cell-to-cell transport, waste
What is pulmonary and systemic circulation?
Blood picks up O2 from the lungs and nutrients from intestines and simultaneously removes waste
What is hydrostatic pressure?
The pressure that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels, generating blood pressure
What divides the heart into right and left halves?
The septum
Blood flows down _____.
pressure gradients
The mean BP ranges from a high ____ mm Hg in the _____ to a low of a ____ mm Hg in the _______.
93; aorta; few; venae cava
What can be said about pressure?
It falls over distance as energy is lost due to friction.
Pressure is created by contracting muscles and transferring that pressure to blood. True or False.
True
The _____ the pressure gradient, the greater the fluid flow.
higher
What ventricle creates the driving pressure for systemic flow?
The left
If blood vessels constrict, _____ increases.
blood pressure
If blood vessels dilate, ______ decreases.
blood pressure
True or False. Volume changes do not affect blood pressure in the cardiovascular system.
False. It greatly affects blood pressure.
What do baroreceptors do?
They send signals about blood pressure.
What are baroreceptors most concerned with?
Decreasing blood pressure.
Although the baroreceptors can respond to either an increase or decrease in systemic arterial pressure, what is their most important role?
Responding to sudden reductions in arterial pressure, such as a hemorrhage.
What results from a decrease in arterial firing?
Decreased baroreceptor firing.
What responds to baroreceptors (in the brain)?
Autonomic neurons within the medulla oblongata respond by increasing sympathetic and decreasing parasympathetic outflow.
What are some reasons in sudden drop in blood pressure?
dehydration, bleeding, drugs, anesthesia
What does the brain do when it senses a drop in blood pressure?
Will send signals to kidneys to stop urine production, reduce blood flow to some organs
What is an aortic valve stenosis?
Occurs when the heart’s aortic valve narrows. It prevents the valve from opening fully, which reduces or blocks blood flow fromt he heart into the aorta.
What are contractile cells?
Striated with sarcomere organization, smaller and have single nucleus per fiber, have intercalated disks
What provides electrical connection between contractile cells?
Gap junctions
What is congestive heart failure?
A chronic condition that causes fluid to build up around the heart making the heart unable to pump efficiently. It develops when ventricles can’t pump enough blood volume to body. Eventually, blood and other fluids can back up inside the lungs, abdomen, liver and lower body.