organic substances
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what is organic substances
compounds that contain the element carbon usually bonded with hydrogen ( they can burn due to them having carbon )
list the types of organic compounds
carbohydrates lipids proteins
CARBOHYDRATES WHAT ARE CARBOHYDRATES
they are organic molecules that are made up of the elements CARBON , HYDROGEN , OXYGEN
CARBOHYDRATES what is the ratio of H and O
hydrogen to oxygen 2:1
CARBOHYDRATES what are the smaller building blocks or monomers or carbohydrates known as
saccharides ( sugar in greek )
CARBOHYDRATES CARBOHYDRATES serve as the main source of what to all living organisms
CARBOHYDRATES serve as the main source of energy to all living organisms
CARBOHYDRATES list the 3 groups of CARBOHYDRATES give examples
• Monosaccharides (single sugars) Example: glucose, fructose (fruit sugar) —————————————————— 2.Disaccharides (double sugars) Example: maltose (malt sugar), sucrose (cane sugar) —————————————————— • Polysaccharides / trisaccharides (many linked sugars) Example: starch (plants) , cellulose, glycogen ( humans)
What is the structure of a saccharides
It’s is a hexagon
LIPIDS what LIPIDS consist of and in what ratio
they consist of hydrogen , carbon and oxygen were the ratio of hydrogen to carbon is greater that 2:1
LIPIDS some lipids may have phosphorus attached what re they known as
phospholipids
LIPIDS how are lips formed (monomers)
when glycerol combined with fatty acids
LIPIDS what is a saturated fat and a non saturated fat
saturated fat - has single bonds in the fatty acids chain unsaturated fats - has one or more double bonds in the fatty acids chain
LIPIDS how do u differentiate between fats and oils
fats are solid at room temperature oils are liquid at room temperature
LIPIDS what do the monomers produce
they produce a polymer + water which is 1 lipid + 3 H2O
LIPIDS give examples of lipids
butter , margarine , oils nuts , fish , fatty meat
LIPIDS why is lipids important
important source of stored energy in animals , fat (blubber) UNDER SKIN INSULATES BODY preventing excessive heat loss protects organs absorbs vitamin A D water proofing of plant and animals cuticles
PROTEINS what elements do proteins contain
carbon , oxygen , hydrogen , nitrogen some have others like sulphur , iron ,phosphorous
PROTEINS PROTEINS are large complex molecules which can be broken down into monomers called
amino acids
PROTEINS what are proteins sensitive to
temperature pH
PROTEINS what do high temp and extreme pH cause PROTEINS to do
high temp and extreme pH cause PROTEINS to denature (loose shape +function )
PROTEINS if there are >300 animo acids - what do we call this if there are <300 0- what do we call this
> 300 - called a protein <300 - called a polypeptide
PROTEINS give examples
fish, meat , poultry beans , nuts , eggs
PROTEINS what are protiens improtant
Proteins are required for growth and repair of body tissues. Muscles are made up of proteins. Enzymes and hormones are protein in nature. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions while hormones serve as chemical messengers in the blood. Haemoglobin is a protein found in the blood that plays an important role in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.