Organic Chemistry: Carboxylic Acids
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What is the general formula of carboxylic acids?
CnH2n+1COOH
What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
COOH
What are the properties of ethanoic acid? (3)
Weak acid high pH low dissociation
How is ethanoic acid formed? (2)
Oxidation of ethanol: • in air • by fermentation with acidified potassium permanganate
What are acetobacter?
bacteria naturally present in air
What happens when we leave a solution of ethanol exposed to air?
Enzymes from the bacterium speed up the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid
What does the oxidation of ethanol in air not take place without?
does not take place in the absence of oxygen
What is the word equation for the oxidation in air of ethanol to ethanoic acid?
ethanol + oxygen => ethanoic acid + water
What is the symbol equation for the oxidation in air of ethanol to ethanoic acid?
C2H5OH + 2[O] → CH3COOH + H2O
Why do we write [O]?
the oxidation reaction is complicated but oxygen is involved
Describe the oxidation in air of ethanol to ethanoic acid (3)
• Solution of ethanol is exposed to air • Bacterium speed up conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid ( C2H5OH + 2[O] → CH3COOH + H2O ) • Reaction makes vinegar, vinegar is solution of ethanoic acid
Describe the oxidation of ethanol with acidified potassium manganate (VII)
• Heat ethanol with potassium manganate and sulfuric acid in a flask with a condenser in an upright position (refluxing) C2H5OH + 2[O] → CH3COOH + H2O • Ethanoic acid is formed
Why do we use a condenser in the oxidation of ethanol with acidified potassium manganate (VII)?
Alcohol is volatile - prevents escaping