1.1 Intro to Cells 2

Made of different types of specialized cells. Specialized. Together show Emergent properties. eg.Pumping of heart.

Biosphere Ecosystems Communities Populations Organisms Organs Tissues Cells Molecules Atoms

A cell specialises because the shape and contents of a cell help it to carry out its function. eg Red blood cells have a biconcave shape and no nucleus to maximise space to carry oxygen. They also have lots of haemoglobin.

Specialized cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, Organs into organ systems. • Tissues (eg. muscle tissue, xylem tissue ) • Organs (eg. the animal heart or plant leaf ) • Organs system(eg.female reproductive system or circulartory system)

• Continue to divide. • Are Unspecialized. • Can differentiate into specialized cells. • Can be used in Therapy eg. Stargardt’s disease.

• They exist for a very limited time. • During development they translate only part of they DNA_this means that the cells remain unspecialized. • Are able to produce any type of cell in the body. • Are the most unspecialized stem cell but specialized into different types of cells.

• Totipotent cells develop into pluripotent cells. • Pluripotent cells_ cells that are able to divide into unlimited number of cells in oder to make any type of cell in the body. • Pluripotent cells can be used to treat human disorder.

• Are found in mature mammals. • Multi-potent cells can develop into a limited number of cell types. eg. they can be found in bone marrow.

• Are found in mature mammals. • Are cells that can can divide to produce a single cell type. eg. Cardiomyocytes are unipotent cells that can produce muscles cells.