Infections of the Digestive System

• Salivary glands • Esophagus • Diaphragm • Liver • Stomach • Gallbladder • Small intestine • Large intestine • Pancreas • Appendix • Rectum • Anus

Parotid Sublingual Submandibular

• Viral gastroenteritis • Rotavirus • Norovirus • Other pathogenic gastrointestinal viruses • Hep. A, B, C, D, E • Mumps

• Peptic ulcer disease • Intestinal diseases caused by Gram- bacteria • Intestinal diseases caused by Gram+ bacteria • Gastroenteritis, E. coli (ETEC & EHEC) • Shigellosis • Yersiniosis • Salmonelloses (Typhoid fever; Enterocolitis) • Gastroenteritis, Campylobacter • Cholera • Noncholera vibriosis • Listeriosis • Antibiotic-associated colitis • Food poisoning

• Protozoan infections of the digestive system • *Giardiasis • *Amebic dysentery • Cyclosporiasis • *Helminthic infections of the digestive system • Whipworm • *Pinworm • *Tapeworm • Ascariasis • Hookworm • Roundworm • Trichinosis • Schistosomiasis

• Tooth decay • Gingivitis & periodontal disease • Thrush

• Streptococcus • Lactobacillus • Peptostreptococcus • Veillonella • Diphtheroid species

Dental plaque

Dental caries

inflammation of the gums = gingivitis advanced inflammation causing the gums to bleed & pull away from the teeth = periodontal disease

White coating (cottage cheese resemblance) Caused by Candida albicans (yeast strain) Common in newborn & patients on antibiotics

Nystatin, Clotrimazole, Miconazole

intestinal osmolarity is higher than internal osmolarity, causing water to leave the cells - pathogens that prevent nutrient absorption can cause this

increased ion secretion causes electrolytes to leave, leading to imbalance - pathogens that cause ion secretion cause secretory diarrhea

inflammatory cytokines damage mucosal cells & prevent absorption of nutrients & water - Shigella & Salmonella are common causes of this

food moves too quickly through the intestinal tract & nutrients are not absorbed - often caused by enterotoxins & rotavirus

inflammation of the stomach lining

inflammation along the GI tract

inflammation mainly of the small intestine

inflammation of the colon & small intestine

inflammation of the colon

Rotavirus & Norovirus

• Fecal-oral route • Nonenveloped, dsRNA • Enterotoxin that causes hyper motility of intestinal tract • Vaccine prevents severe disease • Treatment: IV fluid replacement

• Fecal-oral route • Nonenveloped, ssRNA • Causes sudden onset of symptoms; fever, headache, malaise • outbreaks common on Cruise Ships • Treatment: IV fluid replacement