Chemistry Definitions Module 3.1

The number of protons in an atom

Describes an atom as a small dense nucleus with electrons orbiting around the nucleus. Explains different periodic properties of atoms

The part of the periodic table in which the elements have their highest energy electron in a s-orbital

The part of the periodic table in which the elements have their highest energy electron in a p-orbital

The part of the periodic table where elements have their highest energy electron in a d-orbital

A column in the periodic table

A row in the periodic table

The arrangement of electrons into orbitals and energy levels around the nucleus of an atom/ion

The removal of one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms. Affected by nuclear attraction and atomic radius

The energy required to remove each mole of electrons one-by-one from one mole of gaseous atoms/ions

Positively charged ions

Negatively charged ions

A network of atoms bonded by strong covalent bonds. Typically insoluble High melting and boiling point Poor electrical conductors

Structure of all metals, made up of cations and delocalised electrons. Typically insoluble High melting and boiling point Good electrical conductors

The temperature at which a solid melts and becomes a liquid

The temperature at which a liquid boils and becomes a gas

Strong electrostatic attraction between cations and delocalised electrons

A substance that can accept H+ ions from another substance

Compound with general formula MO Form an alkaline solution when reacted with water Alkalinity increases down group

The loss of electrons / increase in oxidation number

The gain of electrons / decrease in oxidation number

A reaction in which oxidation in one element and reduction of another occurs

The removal of one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous 1+ ions to form one mole of 2+ ions

Molecules that are made up of 2 atoms