Exam 1
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
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Potential and Kinetic energy are forms of
mechanical energy
To avoid entropy, cells must
constantly acquire energy
Entropy
measures the disorder in a system and is explained by the 2nd law of thermodynamics
“Organic” includes which element(s)
CARBON and hydrogen
Chemical reactivity of an organic molecule is determined by
the type of functional group attached to the hydrocarbon chain
Carbohydrates
• Are the preferred energy source of cells • Are hydrophilic • Contain energy in carbon-carbon bonds • Have polysaccharides; long chains of glucose
The majority of fats in a diet are
triglycerides
Tertiary
level of structure where proteins often assumes its function within a cell
Small Intestine
responsible for the majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients
Organs that interact and aid the Small Intestine
Pancreas, Liver, and Gallbladder
Enzymes work by
decreasing the amount of energy needed for the reaction to occur
Regulators of enzyme activity
pH and temperature levels + feedback inhibition for the product of the reaction
packaged into proteins that are transported to the lymphatic system before being used in the body
Fats and Oils (triglycerides)
Where are carbohydrates processed
Mouth, Small and Large Intestines
Eukaryotic cells contain which organells?
Nucleus, Mitochondria, and Internal compartments
Mitochondrion
• the site of aerobic respiration • an organelle found in eukaryotic cells • is the result of an endosymbiotic relationship between ancient bacteria
Passive Processes
facilitated diffusion, diffusion, and osmosis
concentration outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell
hypertonic
Generates the majority of the ATP from energy nutrients
The electron transport chain
Glycolysis does not occur in the
Mitochondria
Energy drinks do not contain
carbohydrates
B Vitamins
• are water soluble • can contain components of coenzymes like NAD+ and FAD • can be used in the metabolism of fats and proteins
Caffeine
• is a psychoactive drug • acts as a stimulant to the CNS • raises the amount of fatty acids and glucose in the blood • interferes with adenosine (neurotransmitter) to decrease drowsiness
Niacin and Folic acid
energy drink ingredients