Chapter 8 Vocabulary

Any way that an animal interacts with other animals or the environment.

Way of learning that involves a reward or punishment. (Teaching dog commands).

Way of learning that occurs when an animal is exposed repeatedly to a stimulus that is annoying or frightening but not harmful. (Crow learning to ignore scarecrow).

Instinctive behavior that does not need to be learned, or any behavior that occurs naturally and in exactly the same way in all individual of a given species.

Way of learning that is based on past experiences and reasoning and the generally involves coming up with a new way to solve a problem.

Innate behavior that does not need to be learned but that occurs naturally and in exactly the same way in all individual sof a given species.

Any behavior that occur sonny after experience or practice.

Way of learning by watching and copying the behavior of another individual.

Simple response that always occurs when a certain stimulus is present. (Grasp reflux in human infants).

Tiny structure in the brain of many animal species that controls behaviors occurring in daily cycles.

Daily cycle of behavior that occurs in an animal. (Daily sleep-wake cycle)

Any way in which animals share information.

Working together with others toward the same overall goal. (Bees working to feed/protect colony).

Of or relating to being active during the day. (diurnal animal).

State in which an animal’s body processes slow down and its body temperature falls so it can sleep deeply through a time of year when food is scarce.

Use of symbols such as words to communicate.

Pairing an adult male and an adult female for the purpose of reproduction.

Movement of animals from one place to another to find more plentiful resources, or the movement of individuals into or out of population.

Of or relating to be in active during the night. (Nocturnal animal).

Any species of animal in which individuals live together in groups and different animals within a group have different jobs so group members must work together for the good of all.

Of or relating to an animal that defends a given area, or territory, typically including its nest and enough space to feed itself and its young.

Ocean-dwelling invertebrate in Phylum Echinodermata, such as the sea star, sea urchin, or sand dollar.

Aquatic invertebrate in Phylum Chordata that retains the four defining traits of Chordates into adulthood.

Aquatic invertebrate in Phylum Chordata that loses some of the four defying chordate traits by adulthood; commonly called a sea squirt.