Chp. 6 Vocab

A metallic substance that is composed of two or more elements.

concentration specification on the basis of the number of atoms of a particular element relative to the total number of atoms of all elements within an alloy.

A vector that denotes the magnitude and direction of lattice distortion associated with a dislocation.

The relative content of a particular element or constituent within an alloy.

Relating to the kinds and concentrations of vacancies and interstitials in a ceramic compound.

A linear crystalline defect associated with the lattice distortion along the end of an extra half-plane of atoms.

The state of having exactly the same numbers of positive and negative electrical charges (ionic and electronic)—that is, of being electrically neutral.

In an ionic solid, a cation–vacancy and cation– interstitial pair.

The average grain diameter as determined from a random cross section.

A deviation from perfection; normally applied to crystalline materials in which there is a deviation from atomic/ molecular order and/or continuity.

A solid solution in which relatively small solute atoms occupy interstitial positions between the solvent or host atoms.

The investigation of microstructural elements using some type of microscope.

of microscope. microstructure. The structural features of an alloy (e.g., grain and phase structure) subject to observation under a microscope.

A dislocation that has both edge and screw components.

A photograph made with a microscope that records a microstructural image.

A crystalline defect associated with one or, at most, several atomic sites.

A microscope that employs an electron beam that raster-scans the specimen surface; an image is produced from reflected electrons.

A microscope that does produce an image using a very small and sharp probe raster that scans across the specimen surface; out-of-surface plane deflections in response to electronic or other interactions with the probe are monitored, from which a topographical map of the specimen surface is produced.

In an ionic solid, a defect consisting of a cation–vacancy and anion–vacancy pair.

A linear crystalline defect produces as a helical planar ramp.

A host atom or ion positioned on an interstitial lattice site.

A homogeneous crystalline phase that contains two or more chemical species. Both substitutional and interstitial solid solutions are possible.

One component or element of a solution present in a minor concentration. It is dissolved in the solvent.

The component of a solution present in the greatest amount. It is the component that dissolves a solute.