Timbre
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Define TIMBRE
• A perceived auditory attribute that distinguishes different sounds/sound sources from each other • Dependent on an objects physical properties • Independent of loudness of pitch
How do TEMPORAL and SPECTRAL representations of TIMBRE differ?
TEMPORAL shows how a sound changes over time that gives it a unique sound SPECTRAL shows how the sound’s energy is distributed across upper frequencies (most likely harmonics if using pitched musical instruments); this is shown in the magnitude of their individual amplitudes
What are the four components of the ADSR model?
Attack: 0 > MAX Decay: MAX to lower Sustain: Remaining constant —— Release: > 0
What is a FORMANT?
A peak in the harmonic spectrum above the fundamental frequency
How are FORMANTS relevant to every day timbral perception? What is the ‘first formant’ and why is it important?
Formants determine the vowels sounds of speech and the first formant (peak closest to the fundamental frequency) is particularly important
Define SPECTRAL CENTROID; what is its perceptual effect?
How much spectral energy is concentrated in the HIGHER harmonics High SC = bright/piercing sound
Define SPECTRAL IRREGULARITY; give 2 examples of instruments with high spectral irregulary
When the amplitudes of adjacent harmonics have an irregular pattern Irregularity = clarinet (square wave) and vibraphone
For nasal sounds, where is the spectral energy focused?
Between 2000 and 5000 Hz