atoms and elements
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what is an atom
an atom is the smallest unit of matter but still has the properties of an element
what is an atom made of
3 sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons and electrons
what is the charge of protons, neutrons and electrons
protons +1, neutrons 0, electrons -1
what is the mass of protons, neutrons, electrons
protons 1, neutrons 1, electrons 1/1837
where are protons, neutrons and electrons located
protons and neutrons are in the nucleus and electrons surround the nucleus
what is another unit for atomic mass unit (amu)
dalton
describe the mass of protons and neutrons
they have an identical mass of 1.7x10-24 g
what is the mass of a proton and neutron
1 dalton
what are the two models called
planetary model (bohr model) and electron cloud model schrodinger
when was the planetary model made
1913
when was the electron cloud model made
1926
describe the electron cloud model
represents the two electrons as a cloud of negative charge
describe the planetary model
the electrons are shown as two spheres on a circle around the nucleus
what is mass number
number of protons + number of neutrons
what does a proton determine
an element
what does a neutron determine
an isotope
what is an isotope
a different atomic form of the same element but with different number of neutrons but same number of protons
what is ground state
when the distance between the electron and proton is smaller (than excited state)
what is the excited state
when the distance between the electron and proton is larger (than ground state)
what is the atomic number
sum of protons
what is an element
a substance that can’t be broken down to any other substances by chemical reactions
what is sodium used for
salt, streetlights, in our bodies (for muscles)
what is chlorine used for
toxic gas, water treatment, pvc (plastic)
what is a compound
a substance that consists of two or more different elements combined