Practice questions
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What part of the atmosphere maintains global temperatures due to containing greenhouse gases?
Thermosphere
What does cement production result in?
Releasing carbonate stored in rock and producing carbon dioxide.
What is nitrogen used for?
To form protein for growth and energy and to form ATGC base pairs in DNA
What are the properties of eutrophic water?
They have 10-30micrograms/litre of phosphorus, a pH >7 and an organic mud substrate
What are properties of urban water cycles?
They have less infiltration and evaporation than natural cycles.
What are most rocks formed from?
Silicates
What is the optimum soil pH for nitrogen in nitrophilic plants?
6-7.7
Which soil water is most available to plants?
Capillary water
Where are birds flight muscles attached?
To the sternum
What is a defining characteristic of shrew mandibles?
They have red teeth
What are the sclerenchyma cells?
They provide structural support in plants
What are arthropod exoskeletons made from?
Chitin
Why does temperature rise in the stratosphere?
As UV radiation is absorbed
How are nutrients and energy moved in an ecosystem?
The same nutrients are used over and over and energy moves through the system with some being lost as heat.
What are the 3 main greenhouse gases?
Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane.
What form of nitrogen do plants use for growth?
Nitrate
What is the process of biological nitrogen fixation?
The reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia using the nitrogenase enzyme.
What is the function of nitrosomonas bacteria?
To facilitate nitrification
When is eutrophication most likely to occur?
When phosphorus is no longer limiting
What are the 2 main sinks in the phosphorus cycle?
Lithosphere and the hydrosphere
What has caused an increase in the amount of available phosphorus to the natural environment?
Increases in fertiliser use and wastewater outputs
Carbon has an atomic number of 6 so how can it gain a full outer shell?
By sharing four pairs of electrons
What kind of bonding is sodium chloride?
Ionic and water soluble
What can the chemical bonding of water be described as?
Covalent bonding with an arrangment forming a dipole, which allows hydrogen bonding between water molecules