Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
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What is atomic number?
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
What is mass number?
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
How can we find out how many electrons are in the outer shell of an atom?
seeing what group it is eg. group 7- 7 electrons in outer shell
How do we know how many electron shells are in an atom?
seeing what period it is eg. period 3 - 3 shells
Define ‘isotopes’.
different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Do isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties? Why?
yes, because they have the same number of electrons and same electronic configuration
What is the melting point trend in Group 1 alkali metals?
melting point decreases as you go down
What is the density trend in Group 1 alkali metals?
density increases as you go down
What is the reactivity trend in Group 1 alkali metals?
reactivity increases as you go down
What is formed when an alkali metal reacts with water?
metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas
State properties of metals.
malleable, ductile, high density conduct heat and electricity, generally high melting points
State properties of non-metals.
do not conduct, brittle, low density, low melting point
How do the group VII halogens exist naturally?
diatomic
What happens to the density of halogens as you go down the group?
density increases as you go down
What happens to the reactivity of halogens as you go down the group?
reactivity decreases as you go down
What is the appearance of chlorine at r.t.p?
pale yellow-green gas
What is the appearance of bromine at r.t.p?
red-brown liquid
What is the appearance of iodine at r.t.p?
grey-black solid
State 4 general properties of transition metals.
• high densities • high melting points • form coloured compounds • often act as catalysts (as elements or in compounds)
What are the relative charges of protons, neutrons and electrons?
Protons - +1 Electrons - -1 Neutrons - 0
What are the relative masses of protons, electrons and neutrons?
Protons - 1 Neutrons - 1 Electrons - 0
Do isotopes have same chemical properties? Why or why not?
Yes, because they have the same amount of electrons + electronic config. (same number of e- in outer shell)
What are the two types of isotopes?
Radioactive and non-radioactive.
What is one medical use of a radioisotope?
Lung imaging, treatment of thyroid diseases or used in tracers.