Sports Inuries
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Medial ligament of the anlkle role and attachments
Deltoid ligament. Navicular, talus, calcaneus. Resists eversion.
Lateral ligament of the ankle role and attachments
ant and post talofibular and fibulocalcaneal. Resists inversion.
What is the sequence of prevention?
Measures to prevent sports injuries. Firstly the extent of the promblem must be identified and described. Secondly the factors and mechanisms identified. Thirdly introduce measures based on aetiological factors and mechanisms. Evaluate through repeating first step.
What is a sports injury
Any physical complaint sustained by practising or competing in a sport that causes a reduction in future training/ competition or an athelet to seek medical attention
Broad classification of sports injury
Time loss injury or medical attention injury
Some potention consequences of sport injury
Pain, Financial Repetitive muscle straign, osteoarthritis, bone fracture, lig reupture, tendonopathy
What is epidemiology
The study of disease in relation to populations
What is incidence
The number of new cases per 1000 people within a set population in a set time period.
What factors could cause variation in studys?
Definition of sports injury Variation of methods to count injuries Variation of populations The way incidence is expressed MEthod used t establish the population at risk Representativeness of sample.
Why is prospective better than retrospective
Can measure many exposures Count number of episodes No Recall bias Single standard of diagnosis. Can prove temporal sequence
What is a stress fracture
Hariline fractures that cant be imaged via Xray
Variate in how you measure the nature of a sports injury
Acute (traumatic) vs chronic (overuse) Tendonitis vs tendopathy. Failure to heal.
Difference between contusion vs laceration
Skin cut vs un cut
How is severity measured? 6 criteria
Time loss (working or sport), medical/ economic cost, nature of injury, nature of treatment, permanent damage.
How is severity measure in terms of days lost?
<7 minor 8-21 moderate >21 severe
Describe the spectrum of tissue regenrates
Fastest to slowest Bone, muscle, tendon, ligament, meniscus, cartilage
Costs of sports injuris
Direct (medical) and indirect
Difference between systematic review and meta analysis
Synthetic output of one value, not all included
Describe intinsic factors
Know as capacity (as increases, risk of injury decreases) Includes psych - A (competitive and self critical) and C personalities (struggle expressing emotion e.g. always nice)
Whats the difference between relative risk and odds ratio
Relative risk = (exposure case/ Total exposure)/ (non exposure case/ Total non exposure) = exposure risk/ non exposure risk OR = (exposure case/ Exposure non case)/ (non exposure case/ non exposure non case) If disease is rare then OR= RR as is normally the case.
Why is a association not always causal
unknown factor may cause both Confounder Also an unknow factor may cause one thing that causes another
RFs for sports injuries
Loads
Describe the causation model
Intrinsic factors predispose an athlete. Exposure to extrinic factors result in a susceptible adult. An inciting event/ mechanism of injury causes an injury
Difference between mechanism and diagnossi
Mechanism- Process of how an injury occured, macro (being tackled from behind) or micro e.g. hyperextension of a joint, inversion. Diagnosis - Outcome of mechanism e.g. straign, rupture, break