P3, P8
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biofuel
any fuel taken from living or recently living materials, such as animal waste
carbon-neutral
a biofuel from a living organism that takes in as much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as is released when the fuel is burned
Geothermal energy
energy released by radioactive substances deep within the Earth
National grid
the network of cables and transformers used to transfer electricity from power stations to consumers (i.e., homes, shops, offices, factories etc.)
Nuclear fuel
substance used in nuclear reactors that releases energy due to nuclear fission
Nuclues
tiny positively charged object composed of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom
Reactor core
the thick steel vessel used to contain fuel rods, control rods and the moderator in a nuclear fission reactor
Renewable energy
energy from natural sources that is always being replenished so it never runs out
Displacement
Distance in a given direction
Driving force
force of a vehicle that makes it move (sometimes referred to as motive force)
Forces
a force (in Newtons (N)) can change the motion of an object
Free-body force diagram
a diagram that shows the forces acting on an object without any other objects or forces shown
Friction
the force opposing the relative motion of two solid surfaces in contact
Magnitude
the size or amount of a physical quantity
Newton’s first law of motion
if the resultant force on an object is zero, the object stays at rest if it is stationary, or it keeps moving with the same speed in the same direction
Newton’s third law of motion
when two objects interact with each other, they exert equal and opposite forces on each othe
Parallelogram of forces
a geometrical method used to find the resultant of two forces that do not act along the same line
Resultant force
a single force that has the same effect as all the forces acting on the object
Scalar
a physical quantity, such as mass or energy, that has magnitude only (unlike a vector which has magnitude and direction)
Vector
a vector is a physical quantity, such as displacement or velocity, that has a magnitude and a direction (unlike a scalar which has magnitude only)
How to find the Largest Constant Speed when looking at a Graph
The largest gradient will have the largest constant speed
Acceleration on a Graph
The graph curves upwards meaning the gradient is increasing
Speed =
Velocity x Time
Time =
Speed / Velocity