Ch 7 Energy, Work and Power
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Define work done.
Work done is the energy transferred to or from an object through the application of force along a distance in a straight line.
Formula for work done
W = F x d W: Work done (J) F: force applied (N) d: distance moved in the straight line (m)
What is the SI unit for work done?
joule (J)
Define energy.
Energy is the ability to do work.
What is kinetic energy?
Energy associated with the motion of a body.
What is gravitational potential energy?
Energy associated with the position of a body in a gravitational field.
What is the law of conservation of energy?
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed - only converted from one form of energy to another.
Define power.
Power is the rate of doing work. (Power is how fast energy is being converted from one form to another)
Formula for power
power = work done / time (P = W/t) power = energy change / time (P = E/t)
Formula for kinetic energy.
KE = 0.5mv2 KE: kinetic energy (J) m: mass (kg) v: velocity (m/s)
Formula for gravitational potential energy.
GPE = mgh m: mass (kg) g: gravitational field strength (N/kg) - 10 N/kg on Earth h: height above the ground (m)
What is the formula linking the energy as the pendulum bob travels from the left to the center? (Use the law of conservation of energy)
Loss in GP|E = Gain in KE mgh = 0.5mv2
What is the formula linking the energy between when the car is moving and when it brakes to a stop? (Use the law of conservation of energy)
Loss in KE = work done against friction 0.5mv2 = Fd