respiratory system
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what is the pathway of air into the body
• mouth / nasal passage • trachea • bronchi • bronchioles • alveoli
what is gaseous exchange
CO2 moves from blood in capillaries into alveoli to breathe out O2 moves from alveoli into red blood cells in capillaries all gases move from high to low concentration
what are the characteristics of alveoli that enable gaseous exchange to occur
• surrounded by capillaries so excellent blood supply • huge total surface area for maximum absorption • very thin walls (one cell thick), making for a small diffusion pathway for easy diffusion • moist walls dissolve gases
what happens to the muscles during inhalation
intercostal muscles: contract, expand ribcage upward and outward diaphragm: contract, moves downward and flattens decreases lung pressure. pressure within lungs is less than pressure outside of body, so as chest cavity expands, fills with air
what happens to the muscles during exhalation
intercostal muscles: relax, move ribcage downward and in diaphragm: relaxes, domes upward increases lung pressure. pressure in lungs is greater than pressure outside of body, so as chest cavity reduces in size, air is expelled
what is tidal volume
the volume of air that you inhale or exhale with each breath during normal breathing
what is residual volume
the volume of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation
what is vital capacity
the greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after maximum inhalation
what is minute ventilation
the volume of air that can be inhaled or exhaled in one minute
what is the effect of exercise on tidal volume, vital capacity, residual volume, minute ventilation
tidal volume: increases vital capacity: no change residual volume: stays the same minute ventilation: increases