Vocab
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Gamete
a mature haploid male or female germ cell
Homologous Chromosomes
chromosomes that come from the parents one from the mother and the other from the father
fertilization
the union of two gametes.
dipliod
the presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells
haploid
the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells
meiosis
a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes
tetrad
A four-part structure that forms during prophase I
trait
a specific characteristic of an individual.
genetics
the study of how genes and how traits are passed down
hybrid
an offspring produced from a cross between parents of different species
segregation
different alleles of a chromosome bundle will separate into different gamete
gene
The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child
allele
One of two or more versions of a genetic sequence at a particular region on a chromosome.
homozygous
having inherited the same versions (alleles) of a genomic marker from each biological parent
heterozygous
having different alleles for a particular trait.
genotype
the genetic makeup of an organism
phenotype
an observable trait
principle of dominance
recessive traits are always dominated or masked by the dominant trait
punnet square
a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment
independent assortment
the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another
probability
how likely something is to happen
crossing-over
a cellular process that happens during meiosis when chromosomes of the same type are lined up
incomplete dominance
a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a particular trait is not expressed completely over its paired allele
codominance
a type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual.