Exam #1
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Who established the first workable crime laboratory?
Locard
What three things can be rightfully cited as an explanation for the rapid growth of crime labs during the last 40 years?
1) Staggering increase in crime rates in the United States 2) Supreme Court decisions in the 1960s 3) Advent of DNA profiling
Who devised a technique for determining the blood group of a dried bloodstain, which he applied to criminal investigations?
Lattes THINK: blood latte
In the case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc., the U.S. Supreme Court advocated that a “gatekeeper” determine the admissibility and reliability of scientific evidence. This gatekeeper is the:
Trial judge
What supreme court case determines that the trial judge is the gatekeeper who is responsible for determining the admissibility and reliability of scientific evidence?
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc.
The current system of crime laboratories in the United States can best be described as:
Decentralized
Who established the comparison microscope as the indispensable tool of the modern firearms examiner?
Goddard
Who wrote the first treatise describing the application of science to the field of criminal investigation?
Gross
Specially trained personnel called ________ are employed by some crime laboratories on 24-hour call to retrieve evidence and have all the proper tools and supplies for proper collection and packaging of evidence at their disposal.
Evidence technicians
What are evidence technicians?
Specially trained personnel who are employed by some crime laboratories on 24-hour call to retrieve evidence and have all the proper tools and supplies for proper collection and packaging of evidence at their disposal.
Who undertook the first definitive study of fingerprints as a method of personal identification?
Galton
Which would NOT be included in the work of the biology unit of a crime lab? DNA profiling Fingerprint analysis Comparison of hairs Blood typing
Fingerprint analysis
Who developed the system known as anthropometry?
Bertillon
What is anthropometry?
the scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body
Which unit applies principles and techniques of chemistry, physics, and geology to the identification and comparison of crime scene evidence? Toxicology Forensic geology Biology Physical science
Physical science
Which specialized area of forensic science examines the relationship between human behavior and legal proceedings?
Forensic psychiatry
The case of Coppolino v. State highlights issues dealing with: The admissibility of the polygraph. The acceptability of new scientific tests. Search and seizure. The evidential value of confessions.
The acceptability of new scientific tests.
The exchange of evidence principle was theorized by:
Locard.
The scientific method requires that scientific evidence be validated by what three things?
1) Formulating hypotheticals. 2) Formulating pertinent questions. 3) Performing experiments.
Who is known as the “father of forensic toxicology”?
Orfilia
Bite marks would be LEAST likely to be found in cases involving:
Arson
The judicial case that set forth the most current guidelines for determining the admissibility of scientific examinations in the federal courts is:
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals
Which of the following services are typically provided to law enforcement by crime laboratories? Psychology Odontology Pathology Criminalistics
Criminalistics
The oldest forensic laboratory in the United States is that of the:
Los Angeles Police Department