Chapter 8

occurs without medical intervention

occurs with medical intervention

Body produces its own antibodies and memory cells

Antibodies are obtained from an external source

no medical intervention, self-antibodies, lasts longer.

recovering from chickenpox after being infected.

No intervention, external antibodies, short-lived.

Antibodies from mother to child through milk or across the placenta.

Medical intervention, self-antibodies, lasts longer.

Vaccines

Medical intervention, external antibodies, short-lived.

Antibody injections or infusions such as antivenom for snake bites.

A medical treatment typically containing antigens that stimulate the adaptive immune response to safely create immunity to a pathogen.

APCs present antigens of the inactivated or fragmented pathogen to T and B cells, binding to the ones with complementary receptors. These cells then undergo clonal selection and differentiation, becoming antibody-secreting plasma cells, cytotoxic T cells, and memory cells which stay in the body for a long time, and can respond faster to future infection.

Because the immune system needs time to produce enough antibodies to grant immunity.

-weakened or dead pathogens. -Toxoids -specific proteins on the surface of pathogens -RNA

Toxins that have been altered so they can’t cause disease

A series of vaccinations designed to create long-term immunity to a disease.

A supplementary vaccine that replenishes and strengthens an individual’s immunity to a disease long after their initial vaccination.

Because the amount of antibodies depletes over time

Protection against a disease given to non-immune people when most of the population is immune

The reaction of the adaptive immune system to a new unfamiliar pathogen

The heightened reaction of the adaptive immune system upon re-exposure to a pathogen

any disease caused by a pathogen