Food Systems 1

Rhizobium bacteria split molecular nitrogen (N₂) into two free nitrogen atoms, which combine with hydrogen to form ammonia (NH₃).

Symbiotic bacteria like Rhizobium, free-living aerobic bacteria like Azotobacter, anaerobic bacteria like Clostridium, and photosynthetic Cyanobacteria.

The process by which soil is created from parent rock material through weathering and organic matter accumulation.

The mixture of minerals, organic matter, air, and water in soil.

The removal of the top layer of soil by water, wind, or human activity.

Strategies and techniques used to prevent soil erosion and maintain fertility.

Groups of individuals of the same species living in a specific area.

Relationships between species such as predation, competition, and mutualism.

The process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose.

Interconnected food chains showing the energy flow through an ecosystem.

Diagrams representing the relative amounts of energy, biomass, or numbers of organisms at each trophic level.

The variety of life in an ecosystem, including species, genetic, and ecosystem diversity.

The process by which carbon is exchanged among the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and organisms.

The movement of nitrogen through the atmosphere, soil, and living organisms, including processes like nitrogen fixation and denitrification.

A principle stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

Effects such as increased demand for resources, habitat destruction, and food insecurity.

A period marked by increased agricultural production due to high-yield crop varieties and advanced farming techniques.

The modification of an organism’s genetic material to achieve desired traits.

The clearing of forests for agriculture, logging, or urban development.

The artificial application of water to soil for crop growth.

Farming practices that maintain productivity while minimizing environmental damage.

A pest control strategy combining biological, cultural, physical, and chemical tools.

The excessive feeding of livestock on vegetation, leading to land degradation.

The process by which fertile land becomes desert due to drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.