Neuronal Cells
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What are nissle bodies?
rER and free ribosomes for protein synthesis. Proteins then replace ceuronal cellular components for growth and repair of damaged axons in the PNS
What are unipolar neurones?
Cell body in the middle of an axon
What is resting potential?
-40 to -90mv typically -70
What is the threshold for influx of Na2+?
-55
What is the depolarising current
+30mv
What causes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the plasma membrane?
Ca2+
What are the NTs which cause channels to open?
Ionotropic
What are the NTs which result in a second messenger system
metabotropic
What are the treatments for multiple sclerosis?
B-inteferons target inflammation (alemtuzumab binds CD52 on lymphocytes and Glatiramer acetate (peptides that correspond to sequences in myelin)
What is tetanus?
Infection via wound contamination, affects inhibitory neurones, cause stiffness and spasms in jaw muscles
What is botulism?
Food poisoning causing difficulty swallowing and speaking
How do tetanus and botulinum affect the body?
Cleave SNAREs at specific sites preventing exocytosis of vesicles
What are neurodegenerative disorders characterised by?
Gradual loss of neurons
What is Alzheimer’s
Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid plaques
What is Parkinson’s disease
Lewy bodies
What is Huntington’s
Intracellular inclusion and cytoplasmic inclusions
What causes the increase in plaques in Alzheimer’s
A-beta-peptide cleaves amyloid precursor
Whay is acetylcholine used to treat Alzheimer’s
Cholinesterase inhibitors, prevent the breakdown of tetracycline which is involved in memory and learning
What are NMDA antagonists?
Excessive activation of NMDA receptors may underlie the degeneration of cholinergic cells