Exam #2
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What is digestion?
the process by which food is converted to compounds that can be assimilated by the body
What is absorption?
the movement of the substances from the GI tract to the cells/blood
Ruminant stomach characteristics
-complex “stomach -microbial digestion -long digestive tract -protein synthesis -herbivores
Monogastric stomach characterisitics
-simple stomach -enzymatic digestion -short digestive tract -no protein synthesis -carnivores/omnivores
Rumen
-rumen papillae -site of microbe fermentation -release of volatile fatty acids -increase surface area by rumination
Reticulum
-honeycomb -traps large feed particles -traps metal pieces -“hardware” disease
Omasum
-water regulation -acts like a filter, squeezes water out of feed so it stays in the rumen
Abomasum
-“true” stomach -enzymes to digest feedstuffs -breaks down protein into amino acids (absorbed in small intestine)
Quality assurance
a program for the systematic monitoring and evaluation of various aspects of a project, service, or facility to ensure that standards of quality are being met
Quality assurance examples in livestock production
-daily production practices -consumer expectations
In order to meet and exceed consumer expectations we must have:
product integrity and eating satisfaction
What types of things can be wrong with carcass?
bruising, bullet wounds, meet is a dark/purple color
Importance of livestock production
-generates a crop of offspring -initiates lactation -affected by genetics and environment
What are gonads?
sex glands
What do gonads produce?
-gametes (sex cells) -sex hormones
What are the specific gonads?
ovaries and testicles
What is a gamete?
haploid sex cell
What are the specific gametes?
egg and sperm
What do ovaries produce?
egg cells, estrogen, and progesterone
What do testicles produce?
sperm cells, testosterone
Estrus
heat
Estrous cycle
period of time from one estrus to the next
Anestrous
period of sexual inactivity (between estrus cycles)
Puberty
age at which young become capable of reproducing