Chemistry Definitions Module 2.1
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
Atom
The smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist
Element
A substance made of only one type of atom
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element (same number of protons) with different masses (different number of protons)
Ions
Charged particles
Cations
Positive ions: Have fewer electrons than protons
Anions
Negative ions: Have more electrons than protons
Relative isotopic mass
The mass of an isotope compared with 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Relative atomic mass
The weighted mean mass of an atom compared with 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Polyatomic ions
Ions formed when atoms from different elements lose or gain electrons
Empirical formula
A formula showing the smallest whole number ratio of ions
Binary compound
Two simple ions combined in a compound
Avogadro’s Constant
The number of carbon-12 atoms in exactly 12g of carbon. 6.02 x 10^23 particles
Hydrated
An ionic, crystalline (solid) compound containing water molucules
Anhydrous
An ionic solid containing no water molecules
Water of crystallisation
Water molecules that form part of the crystalline structure of a compound
Molar mass
The mass of one mole of substance
Molar gas volume
The volume of 1 mole of any gas (in dm^3)
Properties of ideal gases
Particles are in random motion Particles have negligible size Collisions between particles are elastic There are no intermolecular forces
Boyle’s Law
Volume is inversely proportional to pressure
Charles’ Law
Volume is directly proportional to temperature
Stoichiometry
The reacting ratio (in moles) of each substance
Base
Neutralised an acid to form a salt Proton acceptor
Alkali
A base that dissolves in water, releasing OH^- ions
Strong alkali
OH^- is part of alkali formula