Unit 2: Infertility
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What allows the fertility in males to remain continuous?
• Steady quantity of sperm • ICSH and FSH are at a constant level
What caused fertility in woman to only be 3-4 days after ovulation?
• The interplay of pituitary and ovarian hormones
State 3 ways in how infertility presents in females ?
• Blocked oviducts • failure to ovulate • Implantation failure
State 2 ways in how infertility presents in males ?
• Low sperm count • Hormonal problems
What two procedures is PGD used in ?
IVF and ICSI
What is PGD used to identify?
• single gene disorders • chromosome abnormalities
What can bring about ‘ super ovulation’ ?
• Drugs that mimic the FSH and LH • Drugs that mimic the negative feedback of oestrogen on FSH secretion
State two things artificial insemination is useful for ?
• Low sperm count • Sperm Donor
What happens in artificial insemination?
• Semen is inserted into the female reproductive tract without intercourse having to take place
What is ICSI used for ?
• Part of IVF if active sperm count is low
What part of the sperm is drawn into the needle during ICSI ?
The head
Whereabouts does the needle get injected into during ICSI?
• The ovum
How are ova removed in IVF ?
• they are surgically removed after being stimulated by drugs
What is used to identify the most suitable embryos in IVF?
PGD
When is IVF a useful treatment ?
When a woman has blocked oviducts