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test 1

No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.

Total cards: 24•Content version: v3•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

cancer affects — (higher multicellular animals)

Back (Answer)

metazoans

#2
Front (Question)

Hallmark of cancer: shift to — (ATP production)

Back (Answer)

glycolysis

#3
Front (Question)

Hallmark of cancer: reproduce without — (signals)

Back (Answer)

growth factors

#4
Front (Question)

hallmark of cancer: ignore growth —-

Back (Answer)

inhibitors

#5
Front (Question)

hallmark of cancer: avoid —/suppress — response

Back (Answer)

detection, immune

#6
Front (Question)

hallmark of cancer: — replicative potential

Back (Answer)

unlimited

#7
Front (Question)

hallmark of cancer: promotes —, —, —, and —-

Back (Answer)

growth, survival, angiogenesis, invasiveness

#8
Front (Question)

hallmark of cancer: leave — (location)

Back (Answer)

primary tumor

#9
Front (Question)

hallmark of cancer: recruit — (resource)

Back (Answer)

blood supply

#10
Front (Question)

hallmark of cancer: genomic changes — (speed)

Back (Answer)

accelerate

#11
Front (Question)

hallmark of cancer: survive despite major — —

Back (Answer)

DNA damage

#12
Front (Question)

which hallmarks are relevant for tissues?

Back (Answer)

avoiding immune destruction, tumor promoting inflammation, activating invasion and metastasis, inducing angiogenesis

#13
Front (Question)

which hallmarks are relevant in isolated cells?

Back (Answer)

evading growth suppressors, sustaining proliferative signaling, deregulating cellular energetics, resisting cell death, genome inability and mutation, enabling replicative immortality

#14
Front (Question)

what cell types do cancers recruit to the TME?

Back (Answer)

fibroblast, lymphocyte, macrophage

#15
Front (Question)

what could happen if a mutation changes a protein sequence

Back (Answer)

overactive or inactive protein (or no change)

#16
Front (Question)

what could happen if a mutation changes gene expression

Back (Answer)

more or less of a given protein

#17
Front (Question)

what type of mutation drives the development of cancer

Back (Answer)

driver mutation

#18
Front (Question)

what type of mutation has no role in cancer

Back (Answer)

passenger mutation

#19
Front (Question)

are epigenetic changes mutations

Back (Answer)

no

#20
Front (Question)

are epigenetic changes genomic alterations/genomic changes

Back (Answer)

yes

#21
Front (Question)

epigenetic changes are more likely to be (activating/inactivating)

Back (Answer)

inactivating

#22
Front (Question)

does cancer have to exhibit all hallmarks

Back (Answer)

no

#23
Front (Question)

are hallmarks always acquired in the same order

Back (Answer)

no, but some tend to occur before others

#24
Front (Question)

does a cell become cancer after obtaining one hallmark

Back (Answer)

no, need multiple accumulated alterations