Topic 6 - Groups in the Periodic Table
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What are group 1 elements know as?
The alkali metals
What are the properties of group 1 metals?
Low mp/bp Very soft
How reactive are group 1 metals?
Very reactive
What determines a metals reactivity?
How readily it loses its outer electron
What is the trend of reactivity for group 1?
As you go down, it gets more reactive
What happens when alkali metals are put in water?
They react vigorously
What is the word equation for the reaction between water and alkali metals?
Alkali Metal + Water -> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
How do test for the presence of hydrogen gas?
By a lit splint making a squeaky pop
Describe the observations when lithium is put into water?
It will move around the surface, fizzing furiously
Describe the observations when sodium is put into water?
It will move around the surface, fizzing furiously whilst also melting due to the heat of the reaction
Describe the observations when potassium is put into water?
It will move around the surface, fizzing furiously whilst also igniting the hydrogen gas produced
Write a balance symbol equation for the reaction between potassium and water
2K + 2H2O -> 2KOH + H2
What are group 7 elements known as?
The halogens
What do the halogens exist as?
Diatomic molecules
What do you notice as you go down the halogens?
The melting points and boiling points increase Colour gets darker
Describe chlorine
A fairly reactive, poisonous, green gas
Describe bromine
A poisonous, red-brown liquid, which gives off an orange vapour at room temperature
Describe iodine
A dark grey crystalline solid which gives off a purple vapour when heated
How do you test for chlorine?
By holding a piece of damp blue litmus paper which will bleach if chlorine is present, turning it white It may also turn red for a moment first
What is the trend of reactivity for halogens?
Decreases as you go down
What is the word equation between metals and halogens?
Metal + Halogen -> Metal Halide
What do metals and halogens react to form?
Metal halides
What are metal halides?
Salts formed when halogens react with metals
What is the word equation between hydrogen and halogens?
Hydrogen + Halogens -> Hydrogen Halide